So I had a revelation recently on how to compute integration by parts that appear to be cyclic. Consider the function: I = \int e^x \sin x \ \mathrm{d}x Integrating this by parts is trivial using the standard method: \int u \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} \ \mathrm{d}x = uv - \int v \frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x} \ \mathrm{d}x Hence for the function I: \begin{array}{rlc} u = e^x & \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} = \sin x \\ \frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x} = e^x & v = -\cos x \end{array} So: I = -e^x \cos x + \int e^x \cos x \ \mathrm{d}x The end term must be integrated by parts again: \begin{array}{rlc} u = e^x & \frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x} = \cos x \\ \frac{\mathrm{d}u}{\mathrm{d}x} = e^x & v = \sin x \end{array} So this is: I = -e^x \cos x +e^x \sin x - \int e^x \sin x \ \mathrm{d}x But the final integral is the same as the original integral so this can be expressed as: I = -e^x \cos x +e^x \sin x - I This is: 2I = -e^x \cos x +e^x \sin x which means: I = \frac{1}{2}e^x(\sin x - \cos x)
doesn't always work - just tried sine^2. I = 0 + I
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